Bar graph

This bar graph depicts the amount spent by a typical American in 2006 on entertainment.

Interpretation: $60 is spent on the Internet. Slightly less money is spent on recorded music at $50. $120 is spent on Home videos. Then, $100 is spent on books. Newspapers and magazines are nearly equally spent on, each at $50.

Explanation: The maximum money is spent on Home Video at $120. This embodies the declining trend to visit theatres and enjoy movies at home. Astonishingly, books occupy the second position with $100 spent in a year. This is a heartening trend. A typical American then dips into the pocket for Internet ($60 per year), closely followed by Recorded music ($50 per year). Clearly, technology is the upcoming money-spinner. Lastly, newspapers and magazines cost $50 each respectively. It is a statistic that sadly reminds us the good times before recession that ushered the closure of many American newspaper companies. All in all, entertainment is a major portion of everybody's budget.

Pie Chart

Explanation: This pie chart shows the percentage of languages from which the English words in the modern dictionary. 29% of today's English words have been derived form French. Another 29% of the words have their roots from Latin. The third major chunk is received from Germanic Languages, i.e. Old/Middle English, Old Norse and Dutch at 26%. 4% of the words are derived from proper nouns. Some words are derived from Greek (6%) and the remaining are from other unknown languages( 6%).

Interpretation: The above pie-chart proves beyond doubt that English is a hybrid language. It is surprising that only 26% of the words in use today are derived from Germanic languages. Also, it is ironic that England's archaic rival was France in the annals of history but French has contributed nearly 29% of our modern English dictionary! Contrary to old adages which equate Greek and Latin, only 6% of English's words have their roots in Greek whereas Latin is the parent of a whopping 29% of the words. As time marches on, some rules bend. This is evident from the fact that 4% of English words have been derived from proper nouns. The remaining words have their roots from other languages, a clear by-product of imperialism. After this analysis, one need not wonder why there are so many exceptions in English!

Acceptance of invitation

Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam,

Professor, Anna University,

Chennai 600032.

24 September 2009

The Principal,

XYZ College of Engineering,

Chennai.

Dear Sir,

Sub: Acceptance of invitation

I am honoured by the invitation to address the students of your well - known college on its scholarship award function to be held on October 15, 2009.

It is with great pleasure that I acknowledge this invitation. It shall be a great pleasure to interact with the engineering students. I am delighted by the efforts undertaken by your institution to nurture scientific thinking. It shall also be a pleasure to share the dais with Dr. Shiv Nadar. I will like to talk about motivation and India, my well-known pet subjects, the importance of which are self - evident.

I look forward to meeting you and convey my best wishes to the grand success of the event.

Yours faithfully,

Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam

Declination of invitation

APJ Abdul Kalam

Professor, Anna University,

Chennai 600032.

24 September 2009

The Principal,

XYZ College of Engineering,

Chennai.

Dear Sir,

Sub: Declination of invitation

I am very honoured by the invitation to address the students of your well - known college on its scholarship award function to be held on October 15, 2009.

It is my great regret to state that I will not be able to attend the event. Unfortunately, I have to attend an important official meeting of the physicists of DRDO on the same day. It is definitely a golden opportunity to interact with budding engineers which I shall not be able to take up.

I congratulate your institution's good effort in nurturing talent and convey my good wishes to the meritorious students. May the ceremony be a great success.

Yours faithfully,

Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam.

Invitation Letter

The Principal
XYZ College of Engineering
Chennai

22 Sep 2009

Mr. APJ Abdul Kalam
Anna University
Chennai

Dear Sir

Subject: Invitation for presiding the Scholarship award function

I, the principal of XYZ College, on behalf of the staff and students would like you to be the chief guest for our scholarship award function on 15th October 2009 and will commence from 11am.

Our college admits students purely on the basis of merit. In order to fulfill this vision every year, we spend 4.2 crores on scholarships. These can be broadly classified into merit scholarships, rural scholarships and merit- cum - means scholarships. We would like you to inaugurate the function and welcome the students with your enlightening words on working towards success.

We hope to receive an affirmative reply by 30th September 2009. The other dignitary on the dais includes Dr Shiv Nadar, chairperson of the HCL technologies. It would be a dream come true if you could grace this occasion.

Yours faithfully
Signature
[Principal of XYZ College]

Flowchart

The flowchart describes the process of publishing a book. The first step is to write the book. After that, the book is reread and , if necessary, rewritten so as to write from a different angle or to appeal to multiple audiences. The next step is to edit the book. This is to ensure the consistency of the plot. Another reason is to remove any grammatical and spelling mistakes. If the end result is not satisfactory, the book is again edited. Some books undergo nearly 20 editing and rewriting cycles. Subsequently, the final edition is proof - read. Mostly, there will not be many errors but many typing errors may have crept in which need to be removed. Next, the layout of the book and the design of the book is decided. This step is repeated until the effect is pleasing. Simultaneously, the ISBN and Copyright is obtained. After that, a CIP catalogue is filed. Then, the first copy of the book is printed and bound. Again, if required, this step is repeated. Meanwhile, steps to market this book is undertaken. Finally, the book is published, distributed and sold.

Instructions

Here are a set of instructions to be followed by all pedestrians for a safe experience.

1. Walk on the pavement always. Wait patiently for the pavement to clear. Do not walk on the road.

2. Keep right. Face the traffic always. This is to ensure that you are aware of the traffic flow and are hence safer.

3. Use the zebra crossing while crossing the road. See both sides of the road while crossing. Follow the right-left-right rule.

4. Do not use cell phones while crossing. Crossing the road requires concentration.

5. Do not litter on the road. It will only inconvenience pedestrians such as yourselves.

6. Obey the traffic rules. Wait for the correct signal.

7. Do not damage public property. Do not stick posters.

8.Be conscious of the environment and conscious of your belongings. A majority of thefts occur due to carelessness.